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THE SCIENCE OF 

WRESTLING 

AND 

THE ART OF 

JIU-JITSU 

BY 

EARLE LIEDERMAN 

* V 



PUBLISHED BY 

EARLE LIEDERMAN 
NEW YORK 






GnV||C 

» 1 - J Iq 

)9Z*t 


COPYRIGHT, 1923 
BY EARLE LIEDERMAN 
First Edition 


COPYRIGHT, 1924 
BY EARLE LIEDERMAN 

Second Edition 


» * • 


MAR 26 1924 


C1A778573 


PREFACE 


?— 

"4 

1 

l 

-o 

It has been said that every worth-while man is possessed with 
some hobby. He may not admit it. In fact, he may not know 
it, but he has one just the same. If such be true, I should be 
doubly proud of myself, for I have two hobbies. One is 
Wrestling and the other is Boxing. * 

There was a time when the viewpoint of some people was 
so narrow they disapproved of both these amusements, but I 
am pleased to note that today such people are by far in the 
minority. The French would say “cest la guerre ” for the 
war has had a lot to do with it. Never before were the advan¬ 
tages of these two sciences so clearly demonstrated. Every 
American boy was encouraged to participate in at least one of 
these manly arts. 

For a number of years I have been directing and guiding 
thousands of boys and young men in the care of their bodies. 
It is just as natural for a strong, healthy boy to box and 
wrestle as it is to eat. I have tried to teach, however, that 
there is a time and place for everything. I would be indeed 
disappointed to learn that any of my followers had acquired 
the strength and skill to wrestle and then assumed the part of 
a bully. For a bully is at heart a coward. 

In the writing of this book my purpose is the same. I desire 
to build up an army of courageous, clean-minded men who 
will be prepared to protect the weak rather than to oppress 
them—men who will dare to do right and insist on others 
doing the same. 

Wrestling, then, is threefold in its benefits. It will help you 
in the upbuilding of a strong, robust body; it will fortify 

[ 5 ] 


you against attacks by ruffians and bullies, and it will build 
up a determined spirit within you which will help you in the 
everyday walks of life. 

Starting from the beginning of this world, right up to the 
present day, in every epoch you will read of men, strong in 
character, who were noted for their physical prowess and 
were not slow to use these powers. 

All of us cannot hope for world-wide success, but we do know 
that wrestling will give us a strong, healthy body, which is 
essential for the highest attainments of the mind. We also 
know that wrestling will build up the will power and per¬ 
severance of man when all other methods may fail. 

Therefore, as you study this book, practicing and acquiring 
the many advantages which it offers you over your fellow- 
man, do it with the purpose of preparing yourself for the 
enjoyment of a manly pastime, to protect yourself and others 
against assault, and to make of yourself a strong, virile man 
with a clean body and an active mind fit for the accomplish¬ 
ment of the bigger things in life. 


[ 6 ] 



Earle Liederman 

The physical development of the author 


[ 7 ] 















CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Photo of Author (Earle Liederman) . 2 

Preface . 5 

Picture of Earle Liederman, Showing Muscular Development. . . 7 

Contents. 9-13 

The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu.15-36 

Amateur Wrestling Rules.37-43 

Martin Ludecke, Middleweight Champion of Central America... 44 

The Science of Wrestling. 45 

Shaking Hands. 46 

Referee’s Hold. 47 

Straight Reverse Arm Lock.48-49 

Fall from Straight Reverse Arm Lock and Body Scissors. 50 

Starting a Reverse Slip Lock.51-52 

Fall from Reverse Slip Lock. 53 

Wrist and Further Ankle Lock.54-55-56 

Fall from Wrist and Further Ankle Lock. 57 

Waist and Hammer Lock Standing. 58 

Flying Mare.59-60 

Fall from the Flying Mare. 61 

Counter Hold for the Flying Mare. 62 

Complete Counter for Flying Mare. 63 

Standing Side Head Lock or Side Chancery. 64 

Fall from Standing Side Head Lock or Side Chancery. 65 

Counter for Side Head Lock or Side Chancery. 66 

Start of Back Heel and Waist Lock. 67 

Continuation of Back Heel and Waist Lock. 68 

Fall from Back Heel and Waist Lock. 69 

Back Heel and Leg Hold.70-71 

Counter for Back Heel and Leg Hold. 72 

Inside Leg and Arm Drop.73-74 

Fall from Inside Leg and Arm Drop. 75 

Double Leg Dive. 76 

[ 9 ] 
































PAGE 

Counter for Double Leg Dive. 77 

Guard for Leg Dive. 78 

Standing Crotch and Half Nelson. 79 

Fall from Standing Crotch and Half Nelson. 80 

Roll with Wrist Lock and Leg Grapevine. 81 

Fall from Roll with Wrist Lock and Leg Grapevine. 82 

Standing Head Lock or Chancery and Bar.83-84 

Counter for Standing Head Lock or Chancery and Bar. 85 

Start of Waist Lock from Behind. 86 

Waist Lock from Behind, Continued. 87 

Putting Opponent to the Mat from Waist Lock Behind. 88 

Double Wrist Lock, Standing. 89 

Fall from Double Wrist Lock with Head Scissors. 90 

Standing Double Wrist Lock with Back Heel.91-92 

Fall from Standing Double Wrist Lock with Back Heel. 93 

Counter for Standing Double Wrist Lock. 94 

Countering a Counter for a Standing Double Wrist Lock. 95 

Double Wrist Lock with Side Roll.96-97 

Fall from Double Wrist Lock with Side Roll. 98 

Double Wrist Lock on the Mat. 99 

Fall from Double Wrist Lock on the Mat. 100 

Double Wrist Lock with Bridge. 101 

Cross-Buttock and Waist Lock. 102 

Hip Lock. 103 

Starting a Quarter Nelson. 104 

Quarter Nelson. 105 

Counter for Quarter Nelson. 106 

Continuation of Quarter Nelson. 107 

Fall from Quarter Nelson with Combination Cradle Hold. 108 

Another Counter for Quarter Nelson. 109 

Reversed Bar. 110 

Half Nelson. Ill 

Escape from Half Nelson.112-113 

Escape and Counter for Half Nelson. 114 

Side Roll Counter for Half Nelson. 115 

Half Nelson and Leg Roll. 116 

Fall from Half Nelson and Leg Lift. 117 

Further Half Nelson with Arm Scissors.118-119 


[ 10 ] 








































PAGE 

Fall from Further Nelson with Arm Scissors. 120 

Combined Head and Leg Lock.7\. 121 

Fall from Combined Head and Leg Lock A.V. 122 

Inside Grapevine . 123 

Inside Grapevine with Toe Hold. 124 

Fall from Inside Grapevine. 125 

Start of Step-Over Toe Hold. 126 

Step-Over Toe Hold Continued. 127 

Step-Over Toe Hold to the Inside. 128 

Start of Hammer Lock. 129 

Hammer Lock and Crotch Hold. 130 

Hammer Lock and Half Nelson. 131 

Front Bar . 132 

Fall from Leg and Ankle Lock. 133 

Side Bar Hold. 134 

Leg and Arm Lock. 135 

Start of Leg and Ankle Lock with Half Nelson. 136 

Leg and Ankle Lock from Half Nelson. 137 

Start of Arm Scissors. 138 

Continuation of Arm Scissors. 139 

Fall from Arm Scissors. 140 

Front Head Lock. 141 

Block for Leg Dive with Standing Quarter Nelson. 142 

Near Leg Lift. 143 

Fall from Further Crotch. 144 

Start of Body Scissors. 145 

Fall from Scissors . 146 

Wrong Way of Securing Body Scissors. 147 

Leg Lock on Arm.148-149 

Fall from Leg Lock on Arm. 150 

Waist Hold and Wrist Grip. 151 

Sitting Up from Waist Hold and Wrist Grip. 152 

Fall from Sitting Up Waist Hold and Wrist Grip. 153 

Standing Arm Lock and Leg Block. 154 

Fall from Standing Arm Lock and Leg Block. 155 

Breaking a Bridge.156-157 

Half Nelson and Top Scissors. L58 


[HI 







































PAGE 

Fall from Top Scissors and Half Nelson. 159 

Start of Leg Split. 160 

Continuation of Leg Split. 161 

Fall from Leg Split. 162 

Leg Split and Head Lock. 163 

Start of Further Arm and Bar. 164 

Further Arm and Bar Hold Continued. 165 

Fall from Further Arm and Bar. 166 

The Art of Jiu-Jitsu.167-169 

Should You Be Attacked in the Street. 170 

Should Anyone Attack You and Grab Hold of Your Coat Lapels 171 
Force Your Left Arm Up and Around Your Opponent’s Right Arm 172 

Bring Your Both Hands Upward. 173 

Should a Person Reach Toward His Hip Pocket for a Gun. 174 

Quickly Bring in Your Right Hand, Grasping Opponent’s Elbow 175 
While Retaining Hold on His Elbow, You Can Punish Your 

Opponent . 176 

Another Way of Defending Yourself if a Person Reaches for His 

Pocket to Get a Weapon. 177 

Straighten Out Your Opponent’s Locked Arm. 178 

When Held Up with a Gun. 179 

Follow Up with Your Right Hand, Turn the Pointed Gun Into 

Your Opponent’s Face. 180 

Should a Person Make a Move to Strike You with His Left Fist. 181 

Pull His Arm Toward You. 182 

Another Way to Overcome an Attack as Shown in Plate No. 133 183 

Another Method to Meet an Attack. 184 

Should a Person Attack You and Endeavor to Punch You. 185 

Another Way to Overcome an Attack as Shown in Plate No. 133 186 

If a Person Strikes You or Endeavors to Hit You a Blow in the 

Face. 187 

Then, from Position Shown on Plate No. 139, Throw Yourself 

Backwards . 188 

Should a Person Endeavor to Strike You as Shown in Plate 

No. 133. 189 

Keep Forcing Up with Your Left Hand. 190 

Should a Man Rush to Attack You. 191 

Next, with a Quick Move, Pull His Coat Collar Over His Shoulders 192 

[ 12 ] 



























PAGE 

There is Another Counter When an Opponent Rushes at You. . . . 193 

Should Anyone Grab You by the Throat. 194 

Simply Reach Upward with Your Hand and Grasp One or More 

of His Fingers. 195 

Next Endeavor to Place Your Arm Under Your Opponent’s . . . . 196 

Should Your Opponent Attack You with a Strangle Hold. 197 

Another Way of Making a Man Helpless from an Attack as Shown 198 
Still Another Way of Defending Yourself from a Strangle Hold 199 
When a Person Makes an Attempt to Strike a Blow with His 

Right Hand. 200 

From Preceding Position Force Your Opponent’s Right Arm 

Over His Right Shoulder. 201 

When a Man Makes an Attack Swinging with His Right Fist. . . 202 

Then Pull Your Opponent’s Arm Towards Your Left Shoulder. . 203 

Another Method of Preventing an Attack as Shown in Plate 

No. 154 . 204 

A Simple Method to Overcome an Attack. 205 

The Finish from the Preceding Position. 206 

Another Bone-Breaking Hold. 207 

Twist Opponent’s Left Arm Outward and Upward. 208 

Turn Completely Around Until You Are Facing Your Opponent 

Again. 209 

To Render Your Adversary Helpless in Another Way. 210 

Having Brought Your Opponent to the Floor, Pull His Left 

Arm Across Your Left Leg. 211 

When an Opponent Endeavors to Strike You with His Right Hand 212 

This Will Complete the Hold as Shown Above. 213 

Demonstrating a Strangle Hold from the Front. 214 

Demonstrating a Strangle Hold from the Front, Continued. 215 

Showing a Way to Overpower a Man When You Are in Back of 

Him . 216 

Then Secure a Strangle Hold from the Back. 217 

Another Way of Taking the Strangle Hold from the Back. 218 

Demonstrating a Leg Trip from the Ground. 219 

Another Simple Method of Flooring Your Adversary. 220 

When Attacked from Behind and Opponent Pins Both of Your 

Arms Against Your Body. 221 

Throw Both Your Arms Upward and Outward. 222 

You Will Then Be in a Position to Reach Quickly Through Your 

Legs for Your Opponent’s Foot. 223 

[13] 































THE SCIENCE OF WRESTLING AND 
THE ART OF JIU-JITSU 


I T is not my intention to weary the reader with a de¬ 
tailed description of the history of wrestling, nor any 
minor information that anyone can find in various 
wrestling books which now flood the market, but my en¬ 
deavor in publishing this book is to reveal modern holds and 
styles used by champions both in Catch-as-Catch-Can wres¬ 
tling and Jiu-Jitsu, some of which have never been imparted 
to the public. 

I find it necessary, however, to mention the fact that 
wrestling dates back to the early days of man. Consid¬ 
erable credit can be given to the Greeks, Chinese and 
Japanese for discovering and perfecting the numerous 
holds, counters and escapes. Wrestling today naturally has 
progressed with the progress of the world, though old-time 
wrestlers used many of the same holds that are now scien¬ 
tifically applied by our present-day champions. Catch-as 
Catch-Can is the more modern form of wrestling. This 
means that any hold can be taken on any part of the body. 
This differs from the Graeco-Roman style, which forbids 
obtaining holds below the waist. 

With a thorough knowledge of wrestling, the weakest man 
will find it exceedingly easy to overpower a man of twice 
his size and strength, providing, of course, he is clever and 
well versed in the various tricks which will be found within 
the pages of this book. 

There is a lot more to wrestling than the mere struggling 
of two contestants on the mats. A determination to succeed 
as a wrestler is most important. Next comes everlasting per¬ 
sistency. An unforgetful knowledge of all the holds, tricks, 

[ 15 ] 


The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


blocks, and counters, as well as escapes, is also of paramount 
importance. 

In modern wrestling bouts the strangle hold is usually 
barred, owing to the danger of it. This also applies to a 
great number of the Jiu-Jitsu holds, for considerable damage 
would be done if some of these holds were permitted. There 
is hardly a wrestler who does not have some knowledge of 
Jiu-Jitsu, and the reader will find it advantageous to com¬ 
bine Jiu-Jitsu in wrestling, even though the former may not 
be used completely, for there may come occasions where such 
combined knowledge will help you out of considerable 
difficulty. 

As a protection in self-defense, Jiu-Jitsu and wrestling com¬ 
bined is the most perfect combination that anyone could 
adopt. The writer has demonstrated that he can better any 
fighter by using the combined knowledge of Catch-as-Catch- 
Can wrestling and Jiu-Jitsu, and make the fighter disabled 
in an exceedingly short period of time. Having had consid¬ 
erable experience both in boxing and wrestling, I have no 
doubts as to which is the quicker method of disabling any¬ 
one. Most wrestlers are fairly good boxers, whereas most 
boxers are very poor wrestlers. 

The Jiu-Jitsu attacks and defenses in this book may some 
day save the life of the reader, and I urge careful study and 
observation of each and every attack and counter, so as to 
become thoroughly familiar with every detail. 

An expert in the art of Jiu-Jitsu possesses considerable 
self-confidence, and would not hesitate for the moment to 
apply his knowledge on any thug or hold-up man should 
they come within his reach. Nearly every hold is practically 
a bone-breaker, and I advise no one to practice them on 
any friend or wrestling partner without telling his opponent 
just what he intends to do, and at the same time opening 
[ 16 ] 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


and executing the attack with the greatest caution—other¬ 
wise serious results will arise owing to the dangers of the 
hold. 

Wrestling is one of the best means to obtain a powerful 
physique, and you will rarely see a wrestler who does not 
possess unusual strength and a splendid muscular develop¬ 
ment. Every muscle in the body is brought into play in 
Catch-as-Catch-Can wrestling, and all the internal organs 
really benefit as well by the vigorous work performed during 
a bout. 

A wrestler has practically unlimited vitality, for this 
strenuous sport does not burn up your energy as boxing 
or fighting does. Wrestlers who lead clean lives are at 
their best between 35 and 40 years of age, whereas most 
fighters are through at the age of 30 owing to the con¬ 
tinual strain of the road work which burns up their vitality 
and tissues. 

Wrestling is not merely a muscle-developing pastime or 
a sport that increases your strength alone, but it will give 
you endurance and perseverance and change your outlook 
on the physical world completely. It will give you self- 
confidence, and that alone is an asset that everyone should 
have. 

If the reader will practice with an opponent each and every 
one of the attacks and counters shown in this book, not 
only will he become a proficient exponent on the mat, but 
he will never again have any physical fear in him—no 
matter how heavy or tough his adversary may be. You 
will also find that wrestling will, without a doubt, change 
your whole physical appearance, especially the neck and 
back, for a great stress is put on these parts of your body 
by the constant mat work. 


[IT] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


Wrestling is no sport for the tenderfoot, and any one who 
fears scratched elbows or knees should never consider 
wrestling seriously. It is a real man’s sport, and it must be 
tackled with a real he-man’s sporting blood. Nevertheless, 
the one who is timid and frail and who lacks courage should 
not shrink from the thought of a little rough pastime. 
No matter how delicate a person may be, if he will wrestle 
for a few months he will soon toughen up and notice a 
vast difference both in his strength and physical appearance. 

It has been said that wrestlers are muscle-bound and 
slow. Of course, I will admit there are a few—a very 
few, but then you will find slow athletes in every line 
of sport. If any one should take wrestling seriously enough 
to work with speed in every movement, he need have no 
fear of becoming what is known as muscle-bound, a term 
which is often mistaken for slowness. Much depends upon 
how you train. If you are exercising, whether it be with an 
apparatus or without one, and the movements are performed 
slowly, you can never expect to be as speedy as the chap 
who works with lots of pep and enthusiasm. The same thing 
applies to scientific wrestling. If you wrestle with the idea 
of seeing how long you can last, naturally you are not going 
to work with as much speed as you would if you wrestle 
with determination and with the intention of becoming as 
fast as possible. 

As an exercise and an aid in developing the muscles of 
the body, wrestling is superior to any other athletic sport 
known. As I have said, every muscle is brought into play, 
some while on the offensive and others while defending. A 
considerable gain in weight will also be noticed, unless, of 
course, your body contains superfluous fat. 

Better digestion of the food and functioning of the internal 
organs will be noticed after a few months’ training. The 

[ 18 ] 





The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


wind will be improved, the mind will become more active 
and the eye quicker. A healthy, active and strong body is 
one of the first requisites toward physical perfection which 
wrestling will bring. 

When training for wrestling, you should engage in exercises 
that deal with development of speed, endurance, and, most 
important of all, strength. A clever wrestler, with a fair 
knowledge of holds combined with good staying powers and 
strength, stands an excellent chance of making a name for 
himself in the wrestling game. 

A great deal of importance should he attached to the nature 
of the exercises indulged in when training. Avoid exercises 
that develop slow muscles. Running and rope-skipping are 
very good for building up endurance. Running is a natural 
exercise for expanding and developing the lungs, while rope¬ 
skipping will make you light and quick on your feet. Of 
course, care should he taken not to overdo either of these, 
for when an exercise is carried to a point of exhaustion more 
harm can result than good. However, running is a natural 
means of lung expansion, and you will find that your staying 
powers depend greatly upon a good lung development with 
easy and regular breathing. 

I advise you to do your running in the cool of the morning, 
for then the air is pure. A two- or three-mile trot early each 
morning on the open roads breathing the pure fresh air, 
will produce a beneficial effect on your system and build up 
your nerves, and eventually bring you the endurance neces¬ 
sary to become a successful wrestler. 

You will find after you take up the mat game seriously that 
the wind is of extreme importance. That is why I emphasize 
the importance of road work. After running I advise you 
to take a shower, preferably a cold one, so that you will 
remove the perspiration from the body. 

[ 19 ] 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


A rub-down after the shower will be found very helpful. 
You might use a solution of three quarters witch-hazel and 
one quarter alcohol for this rub. A massage is also impor¬ 
tant in training. If you are not able to have someone massage 
you, the exercise you get by doing it yourself will help you 
considerably. Roll and knead the muscles and push them 
from one side to the other. The rubbing is not of vital 
importance, but the rolling and kneading is. The alcohol 
and witch-hazel used while massaging invigorates the nerves. 
Skipping the rope will build up endurance in your leg 
muscles and also add to your wind. When skipping, I sug¬ 
gest you go through the performance as quickly as possible, 
for doing it in this manner will quicken the leg muscles: 
Speed is absolutely essential in wrestling, and I want to 
impress upon your minds that unless you are quick you will 
stand but little chance in the wrestling world. 

Your arms, legs, eyes, and in fact every part of your body 
must be ready to co-ordinate with your thoughts. Being 
clever enough to notice an opening is one thing, but taking 
advantage of an opening at the right time is another. You 
should develop speed in your arm muscles as well as your 
legs. You will find punching the bag especially beneficial in 
producing results in that particular line, and will also be 
helpful in quickening the eye. 

I advise you to refrain from any form of muscle-binding 
exercises. When in training try to strengthen all the muscles 
in general. An apparatus that offers you a lively yet strong 
resistance is best, and fifteen or twenty minutes a day will 
be sufficient time to spend in home training. A beginner, of 
course, should take it exceedingly easy at the start and 
gradually increase the length of time as he becomes accus¬ 
tomed to the strain that is placed upon the muscles while 
exercising. 


[20] 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


When wrestling and when exercising always work vigor¬ 
ously and with plenty of speed and snap. Stick to it until 
you are tired, which should be after 15 or 20 minutes, and a 
light perspiration is coming from your body—then the shower 
and rub-down. 

I also suggest that you wrestle 10 or 15 minutes each day, 
moderately at first, and as you become stronger and develop 
endurance, you may gradually lengthen the time. Practice 
deep breathing morning and evening. You will find the 
natural way of deep breathing superior to all the fancy 
methods. Never force yourself into any particular style of 
breathing, but breathe slowly and deeply and let your chest 
rise and fall in its own natural way. Take care not to breathe 
through your mouth. Of course, there are times when you 
will have to execute mouth breathing, especially when you 
are wrestling and find yourself short of wind. The reader 
will find these pointers and suggestions of a great benefit if 
he will adhere to them. 

If you can spare the time a few nights a week, I suggest you 
take a short walk in the open before retiring. This will make 
you sleep more soundly, and sleep is another subject of 
vital importance. Sleep is nature’s way of renewing the 
worn tissues and building up the muscles throughout the 
body. Try to be regular and sleep at least eight hours each 
night. Keep your windows open wide so as to get all the 
fresh air possible, for you cannot get too much fresh air. 
In the warm weather you might try sleeping out and, in fact, 
spending as much of your time out of doors as possible. 

Do not expect to become a champion after a few months’ 
practice. No one ever obtained success by his own efforts 
over night. It may require a couple of years of practice 
before you are accustomed to all the holds and counters; 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


but be satisfied even though progress be slow, for you will 
find this a much quicker and assured way to advance. 

Exercising too strenuously and being impatient with the 
slow but sure progress will prove disastrous to you. Start 
slowly, wrestling in moderation until your muscles are able 
to stand the strain of a vigorous contest. As you increase in 
strength, add to your program in wrestling. 

Do not work your body until you are completely exhausted, 
for experience will tell you when you have had enough. You 
may find that your muscles will become sore once in a while, 
but do not let this hinder you from exercising. This soreness 
is only a natural condition and can easily be worked out by 
a massage and light training. 

Stick to your daily exercising and let nothing stop you, 
regardless of circumstances, unless a serious injury should 
happen to you, for once you neglect your training you will 
find it more difficult to start over again. Remember, a tool 
always in use never becomes rusty. Do not be satisfied with 
one form of exercising. Vary the movements and change 
your program occasionally, so as to prevent it from becoming 
monotonous. Pay particular attention to your diet, and eat 
only plain, wholesome food. Eat plenty of vegetables in the 
summer and avoid meat and too much sugar as much as 
possible. 

It is exceedingly hard to outline a diet, for everyone’s 
appetite is as different as is the condition of tlieir diges¬ 
tion. I suggest, however, a cereal food for breakfast, a 
light lunch and a good nourishing dinner consisting of 
plenty of vegetables. Thorough mastication and slow eating 
is essential. Do not wash your food down with liquids, but 
masticate it well before swallowing. Avoid alcoholic bever- 

[ 22 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


ages in any form, for this' will only tend to poison your 
system. Sweets, such as pies, pastries, candies and also 
highly seasoned dishes should be entirely dispensed with 
in the wrestler’s menu. Eat all the ripe fruit you want with 
your meals, and should you become hungry between meals 
I advise you to eat nothing but a little fruit. Drink plenty of 
water throughout the day, as this will keep your kidneys in 
good order. Avoid ice water, especially when overheated, 
and when you drink swallow it slowly. 

When your intentions of taking up wrestling become serious, 
your thoughts should turn to the development of speed. 
Never allow yourself to work slowly. Great care should be 
taken when applying holds to perform your movements as 
quickly as possible, so as to prevent a possible counter or 
escape by your opponent. Make up your mind as to what 
you intend to do—then do it quickly before your opponent 
catches on to your intentions and changes his position. Make 
all your movements with a confident feeling that you are 
going to defeat your adversary. Don’t lose courage. It is 
only natural that you will feel a little shaky in your first 
few encounters. This feeling will disappear with a little 
experience, and you will soon acquire a self-confident 
attitude. 

Never show your opponent that you are the least bit worried 
when he attacks you, but adopt that “don’t care” attitude— 
though at the same time you should keep your eyes open 
and always be on the watch for a trick. Push, shove and 
treat him just as roughly as he treats you, even adding 
interest to it if necessary. When wrestling place your hand 
on his neck, take and push his head from side to side roughly 
and let him see how rough you are, and in most cases 
your opponent will feel as though you are superior to him in 
strength. 


[ 23 ] 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


Show him you are strong. If you block his every move and 
try to discourage him, you have the battle half won. Use 
your eyes, arms, legs, and most important of all, your brain. 
Keep your muscles loose and ready for an attack or defense, 
for your muscles will rebel against speedy action if held 
rigid or tensed. So don’t tense them—leave them loose. If 
you tense your muscles you unconsciously burn up a lot of 
energy that you might be able to use elsewhere to better 
advantage. Learn to save your strength as much as possible. 
Rest as much as you can, especially by placing your weight 
on your opponent. In this way you will save your strength. 
However, be prepared to use it to good advantage when the 
opportunity arises. 

When you are working with your opponent on the mat, 
always bear heavily on him at all times. Lean your weight 
on his neck and tire him that way. The idea is to try and 
reserve your strength until the proper time comes to use it 
to good advantage. By this rest I don’t mean that you should 
be lazy. Make things appear as though you are taking it 
easy, but at the same time be prepared to accept or to give a 
surprise. Never allow your opponent to discourage you. 
When you have secured a hold and your efforts seem useless, 
put that last and almost dying effort into your exertions and 
you will find your opponent weakening. Remember that 
your opponent may be just as tired as you are, but he may be 
playing his part, endeavoring to fool you just as I am telling 
you to fool him. 


You will find in most cases when your opponent is resisting 
you that he is tired but is trying to appear fresh, thinking 
to discourage you. Do not believe in appearances, but try 
him out. See how much strength he really has left, and at 
the same time observe his breathing. When he breathes hard 
it is the first step to fatigue. When once you have him ex- 

[ 24 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


ceedingly tired, you can almost roll him over on his back 
without much effort. 

Never waste your strength by forcing your opponent if you 
are met with too strong a resistance—but try and change 
point of attack. Time your exertions, watch for an opening 
to change your hold, and then suddenly force him to the 
mat with the help of his own resistance. You will find that 
speed and strength are essential in completing a fall after 
you have secured a hold. 

You must also remember that it is possible for your opponent 
to have a serious hold on you, and you may think that all 
your resistance and efforts to free yourself are useless. Do 
not give up, for sometimes a sudden jerk, pull or shove will 
do more than all the resistance you can offer while on the 
defensive. 

Then, again, when your opponent has you in a bad fix and 
is forcing your shoulders down, a sudden kick with both 
feet, combined with a vigorous twist of the body, will set 
you free. After you have freed yourself, use your head and 
watch for an opening on your opponent and be prepared to 
take advantage of the first one that presents itself. Keep 
cool at all times, even though you feel you are near defeat. 
Sometimes an opportunity or escape arises at the last moment, 
just when you are about to give up hope. 

If you are perplexed, don’t allow your opponent to detect 
it. However, if he does, it means the finish of you. You 
must think fast and avoid becoming rattled, for when you 
are rattled it simply means clumsy actions, slow movements 
and a number of other things that will place you at a 
disadvantage. 

[ 25 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


Care should be taken as to the position of the feet. A 
firm, strong position is absolutely necessary at all times. 
Never keep your feet too close together, for if they are it 
will give your opponent a good chance to trip you; and by 
holding them too far apart you will be prevented from 
moving quickly. Holding the feet sprawled out to the sides 
affords a good chance for your adversary to knock you off 
your balance. 

Don’t allow yourself to be caught in an awkward position, 
whether you are on your feet or down on the mat. Of 
course, the distance you place your feet apart depends a 
great deal on your height. A, tall wrestler will naturally have 
a greater span than a smaller man. The usual distance is 
about 20 inches, and one foot should be slightly in advance 
of the other. 

Strengthen your position by experimenting with the different 
postures customary for wrestlers to assume. In this way you 
will find one particular style that will suit you. Watch every 
angle of your adversary’s body. If you find him weak on 
his feet, give him no rest whatsoever. There are numerous 
holds you can apply to the legs that will soon tire him out, 
and once you have your opponent leg-weary it will be an 
easy victory for you. As I said before, do not think that your 
opponent is weary because he appears so. Sometimes he will 
simply be fooling you in order to lead you into a cleverly 
arranged trap. 

Some wrestlers have a habit of telegraphing their intentions, 
but always try your best to conceal your motive until you 
are prepared for the attack. Keep your opponent guessing 
at all times. You must attack by surprise, escape from his 
attacks as quickly as possible, and keep him wondering as to 
where your next move will be. Keep on the alert; and again 
I say, be prepared. 


[ 26 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


Remember that your opponent is studying you perhaps even 
more closely than you are studying him. He is watching 
every move you make, looking for openings and weak spots, 
the same as you are. It will do you good to find your own 
weak points and strengthen them, for a weak defense simply 
means that your opponent will keep plugging away until he 
wearies you into defeat. 

Again, you must not allow yourself to be discouraged. Be 
game and ready to fight back. Say to yourself it is impossible 
for you to be thrown, and keep on believing that until both 
your shoulders are actually pinned to the mat. When caught 
in a bad place study your opponent’s position and also your 
own; yet do not waste one second. Use every trick you have 
learned, exert every ounce of strength you have left in order 
to escape and never give up. Do not wince when hurt, for 
this will only show a little yellow streak. Just laugh, and 
let your opponent see that you are game. Once he begins to 
feel that you are the stronger and gamer man, he will feel 
discouraged, and a victory for you won’t be very far away. 

Many holds of great importance can be secured while block¬ 
ing your opponent’s attacks. An aggressive wrestler leaves 
many openings, and it is only after several months of prac¬ 
tice that you will be able to discover them at the right time. 
You will find after a few encounters just where you lack 
training and what holds you are weakest on. You must prac¬ 
tice breaking holds as well as securing them. When a wres¬ 
tler refuses to try any holds on you and is simply blocking 
your every move, be very careful as to the extent of your 
attacks. When your opponent is working on you, he places 
himself in a more dangerous position than if he were on the 
defensive. 


[ 27 ] 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


It often happens that a wrestler tries for a hold and is met 
with a clever defense. This leaves the aggressive wrestler in 
a weak position, for after being checked or blocked he is 
generally off balance. Always keep in mind the position you 
hold, whether on the mat or standing up. Picture yourself 
in your opponent’s place and see if you have left an opening 
of any kind. Watching for openings is of less importance 
than taking advantage of them at the right time. If you 
develop speed both in applying various holds and escaping 
your opponent’s advances, he will have but little chance of 
defeating you, providing, of course, you are a little quicker 
than he is. 

There is an escape or block to almost every hold known. 
Practice all the holds you see or hear of, and let your train¬ 
ing partner apply them to you and see if you can escape. 
You should practice slipping from one hold to another. 
Study your opponent and try to anticipate his intentions. 
Leave an opening purposely and see how quick he is to 
detect it, and by doing so you will learn if your opponent is 
fast or not. 

When you are in a dangerous position, keep your eyes open 
for a counter or some possible means of escape without 
leaving yourself in a worse position than you held before. 
Most wrestlers are very careless and fail to notice a possible 
means of escape when they almost have their opponent’s 
shoulders to the mat. 

It is cleverness that helps a wrestler to escape, but it is a 
combination of cleverness, speed and headwork to escape 
without leaving any possible opening that your opponent 
might take advantage of. Do not try for one particular hold 
all the time—neither should you have any favorite holds. 
[ 28 ] 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


Practice every hold so that you will be able to apply any one 
of them when a suitable opening presents itself. 

If you master every hold you know of, you will be surprised 
with the many openings that will arise in a wrestling match 
that will give you an opportunity to apply one of them. It 
is useless to exert yourself in trying for a certain hold unless 
a good opening presents itself. Never be too hasty in avoid¬ 
ing your opponent’s attacks. In most cases he may be laboring 
to surprise you, and is just trying to lead you into a trap. 
Beware of combination holds that your opponent might try 
on you, for they are very difficult to break, and you will find 
if you are not quick enough they will more than once prove 
disastrous to you. 

You must also take extreme care that your opponent is not 
misleading you, for he may pretend his strongest part is his 
weakest. Size him up and judge for yourself where his 
weakest point of attack really is. If he succeeds in mislead¬ 
ing you, he will have the advantage and will be prepared to 
spring a surprise on you. You can fool him also by hiding 
your strongest point of attack until you see an opening that 
would be suitable for you to concentrate on. 

Play for his neck, body, feet, and in fact every part of him 
until you find the part where he offers the weakest defense. 
Then prepare to attack. Feint him into the position you 
want him and watch for an opening. Feint a hold that will 
leave him open to just the position where his defense will 
be weakest. Try and secure a more complicated hold or a 
combination of holds that you have perfected. 

There is more importance to feinting than the average wres¬ 
tler realizes. I will try and give you a few examples and a 
clearer idea as to just how it should be done. Seize your 

[ 29 ] 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


opponent in some particular hold opposite to the one in 
which you intend to throw him. Make him believe you 
really intend to throw him with that particular hold. As 
soon as he conceives your intentions and offers to resist your 
efforts, be prepared to catch him in a more serious com¬ 
bination of holds. Another example—when on the mat with 
your opponent working over you, extend one arm a little 
further out to the side than usual. This will leave a possible 
opening for one of the Nelson holds where one of his arms 
will slip under your armpit and in hack of your neck. As 
soon as he applies such a hold be prepared to counter with a 
side roll. 

You should exercise a great deal of caution as to whether 
your opponent is feigning or not. It happens very often that 
an adversary feigns defeat, and of course it is only natural to 
allow your thoughts to dwell on an easy victory. Do not fall 
into this trap, for you may be in serious danger of defeat. 
Just when you are congratulating yourself, thinking you are 
on the high road to victory and success, always remember 
one of you will win and the other will lose. Make up your 
mind before you start that you will defeat him regardless of 
how many defenses he offers. 

When working on the mat pay particular attention to how 
you hold your hands and feet. Never leave your fingers 
sticking out, for if you do your opponent may grasp them 
and you are liable to suffer a broken finger. Keep your 
fingers under the palms of your hands in a sort of half 
clenched position. The position of your feet is also impor¬ 
tant while down on the mat. You should be in a sort of half 
sitting posture—that is, your hips should almost be touching 
your heels. This will prevent your opponent from securing 
a toe hold on you. Keep your toes turned half way in when 

[ 30 ] 




'Ihe Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitslt 


resting flat on the mat, and never allow them to stick out to 
the sides. Keep your elbows close to your body and slightly 
bent. Don’t keep your head too far up—neither should you 
keep it too low, as this will afford an opportunity for your 
opponent to secure a Nelson hold on you. When on the mat 
with your adversary working over you, you stand more chance 
of securing a hold on him than he does on you. Watch his 
every move, and if he tries for a Nelson hold be prepared to 
counter with a side roll. 

When standing, look out for trips. If you find that you are 
encountering a wrestler who is faster on his feet than you 
are, try to get him on the mat. Avoid his feet above every¬ 
thing else and, again I repeat, when attacked, not only block 
your opponent’s advance but watch for openings so that you 
may be able to bring a successful combination of holds into 
the operation. 

Before attempting to practice any of the holds described in 
this book, I would advise you to study all the illustrations 
first until you are thoroughly accustomed to all of them. 
This will make it much easier and quicker to master them. 
Practice all the holds and escapes that are used when in a 
standing position, also the ones applied while on the mat. 
Pay special attention to the blocks, counters and escapes 
that are described and make sure that you understand their 
true meaning. 

You must find a partner to train with. I suggest you get one 
who is clever and who is strong enough to give you a vigorous 
workout. After you have become accustomed to the various 
holds, etc., I would advise you to visit a few gymnasiums 
where you will meet wrestlers of all weights and classes. Pay 
particular attention to the clever ones and watch their every 

[ 31 ] 





The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


move. Remember, you can learn a lot from men who do 
things, and if you will carefully observe someone who knows 
more about wrestling than you do it would help you greatly 
in making the most of your ambitions. 

If possible, while training always wrestle with someone who 
is a little heavier and faster than you are. In order to keep 
up with him you will have to work fast and hard. This is 
essential in order to succeed. The harder you work while 
training, the more staying power you will develop, and when 
put to a test in a real encounter you will be successful. 

There are a great many holds that are torturous, and you 
are liable to break your partner’s bones or sprain his liga¬ 
ments severely unless you use great care in the manipulation. 
This especially applies to the toe hold and hammer-lock, for 
these two holds are dangerous, and it requires but very little 
effort on your part to cause a serious injury. 

The scissor hold is another that may cause internal injury 
unless you apply it with care. While you are training and 
working as hard and as fast as you can, you should be careful 
not to become enthusiastic to such an extent that either you 
or your partner will be injured, for there is always a possible 
chance of hurting yourself if you strenuously resist a hold 
when applied to you. 

I suggest you study and master the simple holds first before 
any attempt is made toward the more complicated holds and 
combinations. Be satisfied to go along slowly. Don’t be too 
hasty—remember haste makes waste—so take your time at 
the start. Do not try to master all the holds in one day, but 
advance gradually. Take one hold at a time, study it and 
practice it for a week. Then take another, and so on. At the 

[ 32 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


end of each month review the work you have previously 
mastered, and if you have the time review the holds every 
week. 

Do not expect to throw your partner with every hold you 
take. The main thing you need is practice, such as push¬ 
ing and tugging, and you will find out for yourself that 
practice is absolutely necessary. Practicing the holds alone 
won’t get you very far, but you should apply them with speed 
and accuracy. Have your partner apply the holds to you and 
then you can put your cleverness and resisting powers to the 
test. 

Time yourself and see how long you can wrestle before you 
are winded. Practice the wrestler’s bridge, and while prac¬ 
ticing this bridge see that your head touches the floor nearer 
your forehead than the back of your neck. In other words, 
do not simply raise it with your feet and the back of your 
head, but endeavor to obtain a good arch in your hack, for 
this will give you a better leverage. This will strengthen the 
neck and lower hack muscles. 

Ask your opponent continually to inform you whether your 
position when wrestling is weak and whether your defense 
is strong enough. It is these little things that are important, 
and it would be a good thing for you to pay attention to all 
of them. Your partner is better able to tell you whether you 
make mistakes or not; also whether you are leaving any 
dangerous openings. 

A good idea would be to allow your partner to secure a hold 
on you. It really does not matter which hold he chooses. 
Then try your speed and see if you are on time in blocking 
his moves. This will give you good practice and will make 





The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


you very fast in reading your opponent’s intentions. You 
must find out for yourself the different little ways of blocking 
and employing the holds. 

Do not be satisfied with blocking the holds alone, but let 
your partner secure them and see how fast and strong you 
are in breaking them. Study the different plans of attack. 
If you master more than one method of attack and defense, 
you will have much more science and cleverness with which 
to puzzle your opponent. It would be impossible to illustrate 
every position in which a wrestler finds himself, whether he 
is on the defensive or the aggressive. Many of the holds can 
be applied easier from one angle than from another, and it 
is up to you to study the different angles. 

A great deal of importance lies in how you carry your body, 
and how you use it in the leverage holds. For instance—if 
you grasp your opponent’s knee you will have less leverage 
to your advantage than if you took hold of his ankle. The 
farther away from the main body you apply your attack, the 
easier will be the efforts. 

There seems to be a lot of difficulty in making the muscles 
respond to the call of the brain. This requires considerable 
practice before you can master it. If you practice all the 
holds with speed, and try your escapes and watch for open¬ 
ings and seize them at once, you will have co-ordination in 
your muscles that is more than ordinary. Speed is the main 
thing, and you will find out for yourself how many openings 
you let escape you. When you are in a tight place there may 
be a fraction of a second that your opponent’s thoughts are 
centered elsewhere, and if your muscles are not fast enough 
to co-operate with your brain, you stand but little chance in 
successfully escaping. 

[ 34 ] 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


Don’t let anyone tell you wrestling is easy. If you find it so 
you are not really wrestling or using the same amount of 
effort that is required. It is hard work and it will develop 
you to a remarkable degree, even if you do not indulge in 
any other form of exercise. However, if you combine wres¬ 
tling with scientific systematic training, there is nothing that 
will keep you from becoming a remarkable specimen of 
physical development. 

Your training must be done with intelligence, and it must 
be progressive, and if you do not understand the funda¬ 
mentals of systematic training, I advise you to consult some¬ 
one who is well versed on this subject. Whether you train 
for development and strength with heavy weights or some 
apparatus, you must progress. You must work harder and 
harder each week, and I sincerely advise you to secure the 
exercising paraphernalia that will offer you strenuous 
resistance. 

I do not claim that the student should devote his entire time 
spent in physical training to wrestling exclusively, but he 
should adopt some form of systematic exercising in conjunc¬ 
tion with his wrestling, for much more rapid results will be 
accomplished when scientific training methods are applied 
as far as muscular development is concerned. 

Do not become “chesty” because you are a wrestler. Never 
take advantage of the weak by your experience, unless you 
are forced to do so in self-defense. Do not experiment with 
the Jiu-Jitsu or wrestling tricks shown in this book on one 
who has never seen them, simply to show your skill, unless 
you wish to break your friend’s bones, for I have known 

[ 35 ] 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


instances like this where serious consequences have resulted. 
Always listen to advice from those who know, and don’t take 
things for granted, but find out first whether the advice is 
based on scientific principles or not. 


[ 36 ] 




OFFICIAL WRESTLING RULES OF 
THE AMATEUR ATHLETIC UNION 


Catch-as-Catch-Can 

Section 1. In all wrestling competitions the ring shall not 
be less than 16 feet nor more than 24 feet square, and shall 
be formed of posts and ropes, the latter extending in triple 
lines, 2, 3 and 4 feet from the floor of the ring. The floor of 
the ring shall extend beyond the lower rope for a distance of 
not less than 2 feet. Posts must be properly padded and 
padding on the floor shall be not less than one-half inch in 
thickness. 

Sec. 2. Competitors must wrestle in regulation trunks and 
may wear light slippers or rubbers without heels. 

Sec. 3. Classes to be: 108 lbs. and under; 115 lbs. and 
under; 125 lbs. and under; 135 lbs. and under; 145 lbs. and 
under; 158 lbs. and under; 175 lbs. and under; and over 
175 lbs. 

Sec. 4. An athlete who fails to compete after entering an 
event shall be required to furnish a satisfactory excuse for 
such failure or render himself liable to censure or suspension 
by the local Registration Committee. Any athlete who 
weighs in and then fails to compete without an excuse satis¬ 
factory to the Registration Committee shall be suspended for 
a period of six months. Competitors shall weigh in within 
three hours of a contest. Weighing in shall cease in each class 
when the drawing for bouts in that class commences. Com¬ 
petitors shall sign their names to a weighing list upon weigh¬ 
ing in and whenever demanded by the Referee. 

Sec. 5. The Wrestling Committee of each Association of 
the Amateur Athletic Union shall prepare an official list of 

[ 37 ] 


Official Wrestling Rules 


competent wrestling officials to serve as Referees, Weighers, 
Timers, Announcers, and Clerks of Wrestling. All tourna¬ 
ments must be conducted by officials selected from this official 
list. 

Sec. 6. A fall shall terminate the bout and in no case shall 
the duration of a preliminary bout exceed 10 minutes. A 
fall shall terminate the final bout which in no case shall 
exceed 15 minutes. If no fall has been obtained by either 
contestant at the termination of the bout, the Referee must 
award the bout to the competitor who shows the best quali¬ 
ties, or who has acted mostly upon the aggressive. 

Sec. 7. Both shoulders shall be pinned to the floor at the 
same time to constitute a fall. Any hold, grip, lock or trip 
allowed except the hammer-lock, strangle, full Nelson and 
toe holds. Striking, kicking, gouging, hair pulling, butting, 
strangling, or anything that endangers life or limb will not 
be allowed. 

Sec. 8. Immediately before the contest competitors who 
have weighed in shall draw numbers to determine the bouts 
they take part in. The drawing to be as follows: Have the 
first preliminary bout to reduce the number of competitors 
to 2, 4, 8, 16, and so on. (Thus, if there are three competi¬ 
tors, have one preliminary bout to reduce to two; if five, 
have one bout to reduce to four; if six, have two bouts to 
reduce to four; if seven, have three bouts to reduce to four; 
if nine, have one bout to reduce to eight; if ten, have two 
bouts to reduce to eight; if eleven, have three bouts to reduce 
to eight, and so on.) Competitors drawing a bye on the first 
drawing on each day shall receive the lowest numbers on the 
second drawing. Thus, if there be one bye drawn, such com¬ 
petitor shall receive number 1; if two byes are drawn such 
competitors shall receive numbers 1 and 2 for the second 
[ 38 ] 




Official Wrestling Rules 


drawing, and if there be three byes, such competitors shall 
receive the numbers 1, 2 and 3 in the second drawing. In 
all drawings where numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on are drawn, 
number 1 competes with number 2, 3 with 4, and so on. When 
the class is brought to a multiple of 2, 4, 8 or 16, the contest 
proceeds regularly to the final bout. Where the competition 
is not concluded in one day, there shall be a new drawing 
for each subsequent round of bouts started on a following 
day. The winner of the final bout receives first prize and the 
loser receives second prize. 

Sec. 9. Each competitor shall be entitled to the assistance 
of two seconds only, and no advice or coaching shall be given 
to any competitor by either of his seconds or by any other 
person during the progress of any bout. For a violation of 
this section the Referee may disqualify the competitor who 
is so advised or coached. 

Sec. 10. If a competitor refuses to break any hold when 
so ordered by the Referee, he may be disqualified by the 
Referee. 

Sec. 11. The Referee shall have full control of the com¬ 
petition and his decision shall be final and without appeal. 

Sec. 12. No bandages of any kind shall be used on hands, 
arms or head. 

Sec. 13. Any athlete who competes in a wrestling contest 
of longer duration than provided for in these rules shall be 
suspended for such period as the Registration Committee 
shall decide. 

Sec. 14. In the event of any question arising not provided 
for in these rules, the Referee shall have full power to decide 
such question and also interpret these rules. 

[ 39 ] 



Official Wrestling Rules 


Sec. 15. If one shoulder of either contestant goes off the 
mat in a wrestling bout, the Referee shall be empowered to 
order the men to break their holds and go back to the center 
of the mat, with the man who was on top when the contestants 
left the mat assuming the upper position again. In the 
event of the Referee being unable to determine which man 
had the upper position when they both left the mat, he shall 
be empowered to order them to assume the standing attitude 
in the center of the mat. 

WRESTLING RULES 

Catcli-as-Catch-Can (or Lancashire Style) 

The Catch-as-Catch-Can style of wrestling is now the most 
popular branch of the pastime. 

Opponents may grasp any part of each other’s body. 

No form of strangling is permitted, unless especially agreed 
to by the principals. Before each match the announcement 
is usually made, “strangle hold barred.” 

Neither contestant is allowed to rub any oil or grease on his 
body. 

Seconds must not touch their man during a bout. Neither 
shall they give him advice until a resting period is reached. 

The stakes go with the referee’s decision in every event. 

Contestants shall be allowed 10 minutes between each bout. 

A fall is scored against a man when both shoulders touch the 
floor at the same time. 

A single arm may be pressed against an opponent’s throat, 
but the free arm or hand must not touch any part of the 
opponent’s head or neck. 


[ 40 ] 



Official Wrestling Rules 


The referee shall slap on back or shoulders the wrestler 
securing a fall, so that the under man will not be strained by 
being held too long in a possibly painful position. 

When a wrestler refuses to continue a contest at the ref¬ 
eree’s command, the decision and stakes shall be awarded to 
his antagonist. 

When wrestlers roll off a mat, under the ropes, or foul the 
boundary lines in any way, they shall he ordered to the 
middle of the mat by the referee and to resume the holds 
they had obtained when moved. (In some bouts the men are 
allowed to stand and begin anew in this emergency.) 

Biting and scratching are fouls. 

The timers shall announce when limited time bouts are 
within three minutes of the end and then shall call off every 
minute. He may divide the last minute into halves or 
quarters if he so desires. 

Rolling falls do not count. 

The referee shall decide all questions that are not covered 
by these regulations. 


Grceco-Roman (French Style) 

The Graeco-Roman style of wrestling is very similar to the 
Catch-as-Catch-Can or Lancashire method. 

Catching hold of the legs (holds below the waist) is barred. 

Tripping constitutes a foul. 

The rules of the catch-as-catch-can style that do not conflict 
with the foregoing regulations may be followed for further 
guidance. 


[41] 



Official Wrestling Rules 


Collar and Elbow Rules 

Contestants must wear shirt, short jacket with a strong collar, 
sleeves well sewed in. 

Contestants shall grasp each other’s collar with right hand, 
opposite left ear. 

Contestants must not change position of hands on collars 
until a fall is scored. 

Changing the grip on collar or moving the hand is a foul and 
loses a fall. 

Two shoulders and one hip or two hips and one shoulder 
must touch the floor at the same time to constitute a fall. 

Kicking is foul. 

Butting is foul. 

Contestants shall not be allowed to rest during bout unless 
special circumstances arise, when agreement by seconds of 
both men is necessary to make the pause rulable. 

Rubber-soled shoes, or shoes of some other light material 
should be worn. 


Side Hold Wrestling 

Contestants must wear a set of strong leather harness reaching 
from neck to elbow and from shoulder to waist. 

Choice of holds shall be decided by toss. The “right and 
over” or “left and under” are at the disposal of the winner. 

“Right and over” means to grasp an adversary’s harness back 
of right shoulder with right hand, seizing opponent’s right 
hand with the left. 

“Left and under” means to seize an opponent’s harness at 
the left side of the waist with the left hand and his left hand 
with the right. 


[ 42 ] 



Official Wrestling Rules 


Kicking is a foul, forfeiting the match if serious enough. 
Contestants shall stand side by side. 

The original grips must be held. To break or change a hold 
means the loss of a fall. 

A fall occurs when a man’s two shoulders strike the floor at 
the same time. 

From fifteen to twenty minutes may be allowed between falls. 
No rest is permitted before a fall results. 


Cumberland and Westmoreland Wrestling 
Contestants take hold and stand chest to chest. 

Each man rests his chin on his opponent’s shoulder. Each 
grasps the other around the body. The left arm of each is 
placed above his opponent’s right. 

Kicking is barred. 

Each man must retain the original hold throughout. 

Loosening the hold loses the fall, provided the other man 
retains hold. 

When a man touches the floor with any part of his body 
(except his feet, of course) he loses the fall. 

When both men fall to the floor, the first one to strike it 
loses the fall. 

“Dog falls” (when both men fall at the same time, so that 
the referee cannot decide which touches first) are to be 
wrestled over again. 


[ 43 ] 





Martin Ludecke 

Middleweight Champion of Central America and former Metropolitan Champion of New York 
(The author is indebted to Mr. Ludecke for his part in posing 
for the photographs in this book.) 


[44] 





THE SCIENCE OF 

WRESTLING 



Shaking Hands 

This is one of the rules in which the wrestling bout begins. The referee usually 
gives the order of shaking hands; the men step back after that, and then start to 

wrestle. 


[ 46 ] 








PLATE 2 

Referee’s Hold 


After shaking hands the contestants come together in this manner. Each usually has 
one hand on his opponent’s neck and both men look for an opening into which his 

adversary can be drawn. 


[ 47 ] 












Straight Reverse Arm Lock 

This hold can easily be secured from the referee’s hold illustrated by Plate No. 2 
,j P your ri ght hand in back of your opponent’s left shoulder; then brine it to left 
side of his face, at the same time forcing his neck back and straightening out his 

left arm. 


[ 48 ] 













PLATE 4 

Straight Reverse Arm Lock (Continued) 

By continuing from position shown in Plate No. 3, bring opponent forward and down¬ 
ward to his knee. When doing this, keep forcing the side of opponent’s face, holding 
his neck stiff so your adversary cannot slip his left arm away from your neck. 
Then step over your opponent, ready to pull him sideways into a body scissors. 








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Starting a Reverse Slip Lock 

Reach for opponent’s left wrist. Pull his hand away from the side of your neck where 
he placed it in the referee’s hold, shown in Plate No. 2, at the same time use your right 
hand in pushing his face sideways, and away from you. 



[ 51 ] 






Continued From Plate No. 6 

Turn your body clear around in front of your opponent and bring your right arm from 
the back over his left arm, lock it tightly and lift him from the floor, as shown above. 


[ 52 ] 












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[ 53 ] 


Fall From Reverse Slip Lock 

After you have brought your opponent to the floor by means of holds shown in Plate No. 7, shift across his body and secure a 
double wrist lock on his left arm. Hold his right arm down by kneeling on it, thereby pinning your opponent to the floor. 
























Wrist and Further Ankle Lock 

This is started from referee’s hold shown in Plate No. 2, by reaching for your opponent’s 
left wrist with your right hand. Pull it downward, at the same time throwing your 
left elbow over and inside of his left arm-pit. 


[ 54 ] 







: 




Wrist and Further Ankle Lock (Continued) 

Dive in under opponent’s left arm as shown above. Lock it tightly, and at the same 
time reach for his right ankle with your left hand. 











Wrist and Further Ankle Lock (Continued) 

This is the third position shown retaining the same holds on your opponent. Start to 
sit back, throwing your right leg out and falling into a sitting position, as shown above. 







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[ 57 ] 


















Waist and Hammer Lock Standing 

Take hold of opponent’s right wrist with your right hand. Raise his arm upwards, step 
in under his arm and in back of him. Twist his wrist upward. Secure a waist lock 
with your left arm and bring your man to the ground. 







PLATE 14 

Flying Mare 

From a standing position, raise your opponent’s arm and duck in under his arm. 
Place your back securely against his hips. 


[ 59 ] 





PLATE 15 


Flying Mare (Continued) 

This position shows your opponent while in the air, and just a little forward bendim 
will bring him to the ground with a very hard fall. Keep his arm straight. 


[ 60 ] 











<■ 



[ 61 ] 


Fall From the Flying Mare 

This position shows the finish from holds illustrated on Plates Nos. 14 and 15. The opponent has been thrown with a very hard 

fall and his shoulders are very easily pinned to the mat. 























Counter Hold for tlie Flying Mare 


PLATE 17 


Should your opponent secure the arm hold for a Flying Mare—holding your right arm 
over his right shoulder, move quickly to his left side, at the same time locking your 
right arm around his head. Sink your arm-pit into the back of his neck. 


[ 62 ] 












PLATE 18 • 

Complete Counter for Flying Mare (Continued) 

By stepping quickly to the left around your opponent, you can easily secure a head 
lock and counter your adversary’s Flying Mare as shown above. From this position, 

you may bring him down for a fall. 


[ 63 ] 






Standing Side Head Lock or Side Chancery 

The opportunity to secure this hold may be afforded from the referee’s hold, shown 
on Plate No. 2, by slipping your left arm around your opponent’s neck, stepping side¬ 
ways at the same time and locking both of your hands. 



[ 64 ] 







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Counter for Side Head Lock or Side Chancery 

When opponent has secured side head lock, reach down in back of his left leg with 
your left arm and raise it upwards. At the same time keep his waist locked with 
your other arm, and you can easily secure a fall from this, position by throwing your¬ 
self down on your right side, and bringing his shoulders to the mat. 

[ 66 ] 










Start of Back Heel and Waist Lock 

Raise opponent’s right or left arm, whichever you have the opportunity to take, and 
dive under with your head as shown above. 


[ 67 ] 






PLATE 23 


Back Heel and Waist Lock (Continued) 

By dropping forward and tripping opponent as shown above, you can easily bring him 

to the mat. 

[ 68 ] 












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[ 69 ] 






















Back Heel and Leg Hold 

This position is acquired from the referee’s hold, as shown in Plate No. 2. Bring your 
left arm over opponent’s head and in back of his left arm and reach downward for 

his leg, and pull same upward. 


[ 70 ] 





Back Heel and Leg Hold (Continued) 

You now have your opponent’s left leg raised upwards and by holding the heel of his 
right leg back with your left leg, it will be easy now to bring him to the ground 
by flooring him backwards. 


[ 71 ] 







PLATE 27 

Counter for Back Heel and Leg Held 

If your adversary starts to make a move, as shown in Plate No. 25, he is open for the 
same hold. You can counter with it by a quick move and so get in position, as shown 
in Plate No. 26. In this case both of you will have practically the same hold. You 
can, in this event, follow it up with a fall as shown in Plate No. 24. 

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[ 73 ] 

















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Inside Leg and Arm Drop (Continued) 

This position shows that by pulling further downward on your opponent’s left arm and 
raising his left leg, you have him almost thrown. It is important that you shift the 
position of your legs by dropping on your right knee and bring up your left. This 
will give you a better balance and makes the lifting of your opponent much easier. 

[ 74 ] 











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[ 75 ] 





















PLATE 31 

Double Leg Dive 


When possible, make a quick dive for your opponent’s legs as shown above. This is a 
simple manner of bringing him to the mat, for as soon as you secure a grip of his 
legs, you immediately heave him and at the same time trip him. 


[ 76 ] 











Counter for Double Leg Dive 

When your opponent takes hold of both your legs, push his head down with your right 
hand and bring your left hand in under his right arm, thereby securing a Standing 
Quarter Nelson, from which position you can easily force him to the mat. 


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[ 77 ] 














PLATE 33 

Guard for Leg Dive 

When opponent makes a move to dive for your legs, reach with either hand for oppo¬ 
nent’s opposite shoulder, with the front part of your elbow underneath his chin. This 
will raise his face upwards and prevent him diving for your legs. To strengthen this 
hold grasp his other arm near the shoulder. 

[ 78 ] 










This hold can he se'et®d from the referee’s hold shown on Plate No. 2, by throw¬ 
ing your opponent’s left arm over your head, and shifting your left hand into a Half 
Nelson; at the same time reach with your right arm between his crotch around his 
outside leg, bringing your right shoulder well under his body. Then lift him up and 

bring him to the mat. 

[79] 






[ 80 ] 


PLATE 35 

Fall From Standing Crotch and Half Nelson 

Your opponent is now brought to the mat from hold shown on Plate No. 34. When in position shown above, if you will raise 

up on his crotch, he will be unable to bridge out and your fall will be secure. 


































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PLATE 38 


Standing Head Lock or Chancery and Bar 

Starting from referee’s hold (Plate No. 2) pull your opponent’s head in under your 
right arm, bring his right arm up with your left, pull your right leg away hack and 
drop on the knee, forcing his shoulder backward with your left arm. 

[ 83 ] 








[ «•»' ] 


Standing Head Lock or Chancery and Bar Hold (Continued) 

Bear heavily upon your opponent’s neck with your head lock and force strongly with the bar on his right arm. In this 

can bring him to the mat and secure a fall. 










Counter for Standing Head Lock or Chancery and Bar 


When your opponent has secured the above hold, reach down quickly for his right 
leg with your left arm, pull strongly upward, thereby forcing him to break his hold. 


[ 85 ] 






This hold can be secured from referee’s hold, as shown in Plate No. 2, by reaching 
over opponent’s head with your left arm. Next bring it down over his left arm and 
quickly swing yourself in back of him and secure a waist lock. Push his left arm 
downward and to the left with your right arm so that you may pass him more easily. 


Start of Waist Lock From Behind 


PLATE 41 









Waist Lock From Behind (Continued) 


By swinging quickly around your opponent as explained on previous page (Plate No. 
41), you easily secure the waist lock from behind. Lift your opponent clear from 
the mat and bring him down forcibly. 



[ 87 ] 







[ 88 ] 


PLATE 43 

Putting Opponent to the Mat From Waist Lock Behind 

If you get behind your opponent as shown in Plates Nos. 41 and 42, and after he is thrown to the mat, reach for both ankles, 
shove him forward to his shoulder. You are then in position to secure additional holds on him that will enable you to defeat him. 











PLATE 44 

Double Wrist Lock Standing 


This hold is taken from a standing position. You grasp your opponent’s left wrist 
in your right hand, reach over in back with your left arm, taking hold of your right 
wrist and locking it as illustrated. Push his wrist back as far as possible, fall back¬ 
wards on your shoulder, carrying him over. 

[ 89 ] 





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PLATE 46 

Standing Double Wrist Lock With Back Heel 

This hold can be secured from referee’s hold by taking hold of your opponent’s left 
wrist with your right hand. Bring your left arm over his head and in back of his left 
arm and grasp your right wrist. At the same time, step in back of your opponent’s 
left knee with your left leg and force him backwards to the mat. 









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[ 93 ] 


Fall From Standing Double Wrist Lock With Back Heel 

After you have forced your opponent’s shoulders to the mat with a double wrist lock, shift both your legs and retain your double 
wrist lock on his left arm. Pin his right arm to the mat with your left knee. If he still resists, put more pressure on his arm 

or twist it toward his head, thereby gaining a fall. 














PLATE 49 


Counter for Standing Double Wrist Lock 

When your opponent starts a double wrist lock, as shown in Plate No. 44, before he 
is able to push your arm upwards too far, take hold of your left hand with your right 
and break his hold. Retain your hold and pull his arm further up into a reverse bar 
hold and thereby put him to the mat. 

[ 94 ] 











Countering a Counter for a Standing Double Wrist Lock 

As shown in Plate 49, where your hold has been countered by your opponent, you can 
grapevine your left leg around his right leg, thereby giving you greater leverage. This 
will block his counter and afford you the chance of bringing him to the mat. 


[ 95 ] 







[ 96 ] 














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[101 ] 


Double Wrist Lock With Bridge 

When your opponent is on top of you, as shown in Plate No. 51, with a waist hold, take his left arm and secure a double wrist 
lock on it. Then, force it upwards and backwards, and at the same time roll yourself over into a bridge (raising both shoulders 

from the mat), thereby forcing your opponent down on his shoulders. 












PLATE 57 

Cross-Buttock and Waist Lock 

This hold can be secured from positions as shown in Plate No. 2. Hold your opponent’s 
left arm with your right hand just above the elbow, and slip your left in under his 
right arm and around the waist. Pull his left arm toward you and shift your left 
hip quickly in back of him, heave him upwards and drop him to the mat. 

[ 102 ] 











PLATE 58 

Lock 

This hold can be secured from positions shown on Plate No. 2. Shift your right hand 
to opponent’s left wrist and bring your left arm around his neck. Shift the back of 
your left hip against the right side of your opponent and bring him sideways to the mat. 



[ 103 ] 







PLATE 59 

Starting a Quarter Nelson 

Push your opponent’s head down as you would when taking any kind of a Nelson hold. 
To get better leverage it is well for you to put your outside foot on the mat so as 

to be well braced. 

[ 104 ] 














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[ 106 ] 


Care should be taken to prevent your opponent from countering as shown above. In this case the under man has rolled the top 
man sideways on his back. To start this move, the bottom man shifts his right knee all the way forward, then locks the aggressor’s 
left arm in back of the elbow as shown on Plate No. 60, and sits backwards, thereby forcing opponent and gaining a fall. 
















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[ 110 ] 


This hold is a counter when your man makes an attempt to roll you sideways with a waist lock. Shift a little to the front and 
bring opponent’s arm up into a Bar Hammer as shown above. From this position you can force him to his shoulders on the mat 

without much difficulty. 












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[ 112 ] 


Escape From Half Nelson 

When your opponent secures a Half Nelson on you, simply shift quickly to a sitting position as shown above 


























[ 113 ] 


Escape From Half Nelson (Continued) 

After you have assumed a sitting position in your endeavor to escape from a Half Nelson, turn quickly out of his hold. You will 

then be in a position as, shown above, ready to resume attack on your adversary. 















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[ 115 ] 


Side Roll Counter for Half Nelson 

When your opponent secures a Half Nelson on you as shown on Plate No. 66, lock his right arm to your body, move your inside 

knee forward and roll sideways^ moving your man under you and gaining a fall. 

















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[117] 





























[ 118 ] 


PLATE 73 

Further Half Nelson With Arm Scissors 

Secure a further Half Nelson by pushing your opponent’s head down with your left hand and reach with your right hand under 
his further arm, placing your hand on top of his head; at the same time have your right knee in back of your opponent's 

left arm-pit, so as to prevent him from circling out. 

























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[ 119 ] 

















[ 120 ] 


Fall From Further Nelson With Arm Scissors 

Keep forcing opponent’s right shoulder as mentioned on preceding plate, and bring your man completely over upon both his 
shoulders to the mat, as shown above. It is essential that you lie flat on your stomach while executing this fall, otherwise your 
opponent, by forcibly kicking his legs downward, will be able to turn you over. To make the hold secure, lock your right foot 

behind your left ankle. 




















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[ 126 ] 


Start of Step-Over Toe Hold 

This shows the start of Toe Hold on your opponent’s right leg. After securing a firm hold on his ankle be ready to step over his 

right leg with your left foot. 









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[ 130 ] 


Hammer Lock and Crotch Hold 

This is a continuation from the preceding page. When opponent is on left shoulder, pull his arm behind his back, at the 
time pull up his right leg with a Crotch Hold and gradually force both his shoulders to the mat for a fall. 













[ 131 ] 

























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[ 132 ] 


down to his right shoulder. 
















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Side Bar Hold 

Secure a Bar Hold from the side with your left arm under opponent’s left arm. 
him over on his right side while retaining your Bar Hold. 


Pull 


[ 134 ] 








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[ 138 ] 


Start of Arm Scissors 

While securing a further Quarter Nelson on your opponent, bring your right leg in under his body as shown above. 















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[ 139 ] 













[ 140 ] 


Fall From Arm Scissors 

After forcing your opponent clear backwards with your left leg, you will soon have him on his back, as shown above. Hold your 
left leg in place and force backwards on his arm, while keeping his palm upwards. Place your right leg across his body and 

force both his shoulders down. 






















PLATE 96 


Front Head Lock 

This hold can be taken from referee’s hold shown on Plate No. 2. Pull opponent’s 
head under your right shoulder, place left hand on opposite shoulder and lock your 
left wrist with your right hand. Put plenty of pressure on your opponent’s face below 
his ear and across his jaw-bone with your right forearm. He can be easily put to the 

mat with this hold. 












PLATE 97 

Block for Leg Dive With Standing Quarter Nelson 


Should your opponent dive for your left leg with his right hand, block him by forcing 
his head down with your left hand and reach under his left arm with your right, taking 
hold of your own left wrist and forcing him to the mat. 


[ 142 ] 







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[ 143 ] 












PLATE 99 

Fall From Further Crotch 


From position shown on Plate No. 98, shift your hold from near leg and lift to a further 
Crotch Hold. Force your opponent’s shoulders to the mat. A fall can be secured from 

the above Crotch Hold. 



[ 144 ] 











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[ 145 ] 


Start of Body Scissors 

While working on top of your opponent on the mat, pull him sideways as shown above and raise your right leg up in back of 
him. While pulling backwards with a Waist Lock, pull opponent across your left leg and be prepared to throw your other leg 

over his body. 

























[ 146 ] 


Fall From Scissors 

After throwing your leg over his body and continuing from position shown on Plate No. 100, lock feet together, putting consider¬ 
able pressure on his abdomen by squeezing your legs together and straightening your legs out. Force opponent down by straight¬ 
ening out his left arm. 














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[ 147 ] 


Wrong Way of Securing Body Scissors 

Most wrestlers do not know the real difference between the right and the wrong way in securing a Body Scissors. As shown above, 
the top leg is locked in back of the bottom leg, which is wrong, as half the leverage is lost. The top leg should always be locked in 

front of bottom leg as shown in Plate No. 101. 



















[ 148 ] 


Leg Lock on Arm 

While working on your opponent and securing a Waist Lock with your right arm, bring left leg over and under opponent’s left 
arm, forcing it so that the upper part of your leg puts pressure against his elbow. Next bring right leg over and let opponent’s 
left arm slip back and hold his arm pinned between upper and lower right leg, as shown in Plate No. 104. 




















[ 149 ] 











[ 150 ] 


Fall From Leg Lock on Arm 

This is the finish from Plates Nos. 103 and 104. Force opponent’s right arm down to the mat while retaining your right leg locked 

on your opponent’s left arm. 













[ 151 ] 





























[ 152 ] 


PLATE lO? 

Sitting Up From Waist Hold and Wrist Grip 

After throwing your right leg forward and assuming a sitting position, at the same time pull your opponent’s left arm around your 

waist and raise his right arm upwards and bring your adversary over. 











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PLATE 109 

Standing Arm Lock and Leg Block 

This hold can be secured from the hold shown on Plate No. 2. Bring your right 
arm over opponent’s left, reach with your left in under opponent’s right arm-pit with 
your right foot blocking opponent’s left foot and fall backwards. As soon as your 
opponent hits the mat, turn him over quickly. 

[ 154] 
















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[ 156 ] 


Breaking a Bridge (the Start) 

Should opponent bridge out of position shown on Plate No. 110, throw your left leg over him, as shown above. 
















[157] 



















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[ 158 ] 


Half Nelson and Top Scissors 

While working on your opponent, secure a Half Nelson and Scissor Hold from the top as shown above. 









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[ 159 ] 










[ 160 ] 


Start of Leg Split 

Lift opponent’s left leg upwards and bring your right foot in back of opponent’s right leg, as shown above. 












Continuation of Leg Split 

This shows a second position in the start of a Scissor Hold on the right leg. Force your opponent’s left leg upwards with your 

shoulder. 


















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Start of Further Arm and Bar 

Reach for your opponent’s further arm and keep your right hand slightly in front of his left elbow, in order to start your oppo¬ 
nent's left arm for a Bar Hold. 

















[ 1 «« ] 



















[ 166 ] 


Fall From Further Arm and Bar 

The above shows a fall secured from Further Arm and Bar Hold. By pulling on his further arm and pushing against his shoulder, 

you can easily secure a fall. 









THE ART OF 

JIU-JITSU 






THE ART OF JIU-JITSU 


Jiu-Jitsu is the Japanese art of self-defense, and is the most 
dangerous style of wrestling. If you are accustomed to this 
particular style, you will find it exceedingly easy to over¬ 
power a much stronger man than yourself, especially if you 
are forced to use it in self-defense. There are certain holds 
in Jiu-Jitsu that resemble the Catch-as-Catch-Can style. If 
you wish to develop speed of the highest degree, I suggest 
you take up this style of wrestling. You will find you will 
have to be about twice as fast in escaping from your oppo¬ 
nent’s attacks in this method. Be very careful when prac¬ 
ticing any of the bone-breaking holds, for if you are the 
least bit careless a serious injury is liable to be the result. 

This form of wrestling is a great test for your temper. When 
you are in a dangerous position and lose your head, you 
stand little chance of escaping and you are in great danger 
of becoming seriously injured. Therefore, be game at all 
times, and remember Jiu-Jitsu is not to be fooled with. 

Be exceedingly careful when you practice these holds with 
your opponent. Always tell him just what you are going to 
do before you do it. Keep this knowledge of Jiu-Jitsu in 
your head to be used only in the case of emergency when 
you may be attacked by a rough-neck, and then bear in mind 
that there is no necessity of breaking your opponent’s limbs 
if you can overpower him otherwise. There is always a 
limit to the amount of resistance a person can offer, and it is 
not for you to judge as to what extent it is safe for you to 
enforce. 

You should not become discouraged if you find it difficult to 
perform these Jiu-Jitsu holds, for it takes a lot of patience 
and practice to get the right knack, leverage and balance. 



PLATE 122 

Should you be attacked in the street and grabbed around the waist by your opponent 
and held tightly in a clinch, reach up with either hand to his face and force two of your 
fingers into his eyes. With this pressure your opponent will soon release his hold. 


[ 170 ] 




PLATE 123 


Should anyone attack you and grab hold of your coat lapels with both hands,^ defend 
yourself by throwing both of your hands upward and inside of your opponent s arms, 
forcing them outward as shown in Plate No. 123. 




:> 


[ 171 ] 




PLATE 124 


From this position you can easily force your left arm up and around your opponent’s 
right arm as shown in Photo No. 124. This will cause him intense pain, which will 

cause him to surrender. 



[ 172 ] 






PLATE 125 


Bring your hands upwards as shown in Plate No. 125, throw your left arm around 
your opponent’s right arm, and reach for his further coat lapel, putting pressure on it and 
place your right hand on opponent’s right side of face, forcing face sideways. You 
will then have him completely at your mercy. ■-,* 


[ 173 ] 








PLATE 126 


Should a person reach towards his hip pocket for a gun or any weapon with his 
right hand, stop him quickly and prevent him from raising his hand as shown above. 

Secure a firm grip on his wrist. 


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[ 174 ] 





PLATE 127 


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Next, quickly bring in your* right hand, grasping opponent’s elbow, hold same by forcing 
his wrist up with your left hand as shown above. 


[ 175 ] 






PLATE 128 


While still retaining hold on his elbow, you now can punish your opponent as shown 
in above photo. Slide your left hand upwards in back of his right arm and force him 
down. His wrist will then lie in the crotch of your left elbow. Keep your body close 
to him and if he still resists, just force his wrist away and upward from his body. 

This will cause him severe pain and make him helpless. 

[ 176 ] 









PLATE 129 


Another way of defending yourself, if a person reaches for his pocket to get a weapon, 
is shown above. Grasp your opponent’s right wrist with your left hand, reach with 
your right arm over in back of his right arm, take hold of your own wrist and force 

his arm backwards as above. 



[ 177 ] 







PLATE 130 

Then straighten out your opponent’s locked arm, forcing your arm upwards against his 
elbow joint as shown above. This will cause your adversary enough pain to make 

him give up quickly. 


[ 178 ] 







PLATE 131 


When held up with a gun, step quickly towards the left side, and at the same time take 
hold of the attacker’s fight wrist with the left hand, as shown above, shoving it side¬ 
ways so that you are out of the way of fire. 


[ 179 ] 








Then follow up with your right hand, turn the pointed gun into your opponent’s face 
as shown above. By continual twisting of his wrist, you will soon have him disarmed 
This movement requires speed, and much practice may be necessary before this hold is 

perfected. 


[ 180 ] 





PLATE 133 


Should a person make a move to strike you with his left fist, grasp his right wrist 
quickly and step forward, as shown above. 


[ 181 ] 











PLATE IS 

Pull his arm toward you then quickly reach over his right arm with your left arr 
bring it underneath, reaching for your right wrist, tighten up on the hold and fori 
against your adversary s elbow joint. This will render him powerless. 


[ 182 ] 


















m 




PLATE 135 

Another method, if attacked as shown in Plate No. 133: Instead of pulling your oppo¬ 
nent’s arm toward you, bring it upwards and reach in under his arm for his further 
coat lapel. Bring the back of his elbow across your left arm, forcing his hand down¬ 
ward and twisting his wrist outward at the same time. This will make anybody give 

up immediately. 

[ 183 ] 













PLATE 136 


Another method to meet an attack, as shown in Plate No. 136, is to bring your oppo¬ 
nent’s arm up high and reach in under his arm to the back of his neck. Then twist his 
wrist so that the palm of his hand is turned upward. Have the back of his elbow 
across your arm and force the elbow upwards and the wrist downwards. This is 
another way to break an arm and easily subdue your opponent, 

[ 184 ] 








PLATE 137 

Should a person attack you and endeavor to punch you, as shown in Plate No. 133, grasp 
his right wrist, push it upward, and duck underneath his right arm as shown above. 
His arm will then rest on the back of your neck. Twist the arm so that the palm 
points upward, then force down and reach with your right hand for opponent’s throat, 

so as to overcome him speedily. 

[185] 








PLATE 138 


The above photo shows another way to overcome an attack as shown in Plate No. 133. 
Raise opponent’s right arm and duck underneath, as shown in previous Plate No. 137. 
Have his elbow again resting on the back of your neck with his palm turned upward. 
Then reach with your free arm around his back, pinning his other arm to his body. 
By forcing down on his arm which rests on the back of your neck, you will have 
your opponent helpless on his toes. 

[ 186 ] 











PLATE 139 


If a person strikes you or endeavors to hit you a blow in the face, throw 
your face backwards as far as possible, but leave your left foot against the inside of 

his left foot, as shown above. 



[ 187 ] 







o 




UJ 

H 

< 

J 

Q. 


[ 188 ] 


Then from position shown on Plate No. 139, throw yourself backwards, bringing up your right leg, at the same time hitting your 
opponent with it in the back of his left knee, knocking him off his balance and so bringing him down on his face. 






























PLATE 141 

Should a person endeavor to strike you, as shown in Plate No. 133, side step to the left 
and take hold of his left wrist with your left hand, throwing your right wrist into the 
crotch of his left elbow, as shown above. 



[ 189 ] 


















PLATE 142 


Then keep forcing up with your left hand until your right hand can take hold of 
your left wrist, thus securing practically a reverse double wrist-lock, which will cause 
your adversary enough pain to make him quit. 


[ 190 ] 













PLATE 143 

Should a man rush to attack you, reach quickly with both hands for his coat lapels. 



[ 191 ] 







PLATE 144 


Next, with a quick move, pull his coat collar over his shoulders and half-way down 
on his arms. In this position you have him at such a disadvantage that he is unable 
to do any further harm at the present time. 


[ 192 ] 















PLATE 145 


There is another counter when an opponent rushes at you as shown in Plate No. 133. 
Instead of grasping both coat lapels, simply take hold of his left coat lapel with your 
right hand, step around in back of him quickly and pull the coat over his left shoulder, 
at the same time and as soon as you are able, reach his other coat lapel and pull the 
coat over his other shoulder half-way down, as shown above. This will stop the attack. 

[ 193 ] 









PLATE 146 

Should anyone grab you by the throat as shown above (continued on Plate No. 147) 


[ 194 ] 








PLATE 147 

—simply reach upward with your hand and grasp one or more of his fingers and pull 
them away from your throat as quickly as possible. 


[ 195 ] 











PLATE 148 


Next endeavor to place your arm under your opponent’s without letting go of his fingers. 
By pulling down strongly and forcing his arm upward with your own arm, you have 
him at your mercy with one hand. 

[ 196 ] 






PLATE 149 


Should your opponent attack you with a strangle hold with his right arm, reach up 
with your left, place your fingers on the inside of his palm and your thumb on the 
back of his hand and pull his hand away sideways and outward. Then place your right 
hand thumb the same as the left on the back of his hand so as to have him in your power. 

[ 197 ] 





PLATE 150 

Another way of making a man helpless from an attack as shown in Plate No. 150. 
Grasp his fingers, pull them away from your throat with your right hand, then follow 
by reaching with your left hand in back of his left elbow and grasp his hand and 
twist inward so as to render him helpless. 

[ us ] 






PLATE 151 


Still another way for defending yourself from a strangle hold as shown above, is 
if opponent has taken you by the throat with his right hand, reach with your right 
hand, placing your fingers on the inside of palm and with your thumb on the back of 
his hand, twist inward. Follow up by using your left in the same manner. Keep on 
twisting his arm until he gives up. 

[ 199 ] 






PLATE 152 

When a person makes an attempt to strike a blow with his right hand, grasp his wrist 
with your right hand and shove it upwards, as shown above. 


■ 


■ 


■ 




* 


[200 ] 









PLATE 153 


From preceding position, force your opponent’s right arm over his right shoulder and 
reach between his shoulder and forearm with your left hand, bend his arm and take 
hold of your right wrist with your left hand, tighten up on your holds and you have him, 

[ 201 ] 





PLATE 154 

When a man makes an attack swinging with his right fist, reach quickly for his left arm 
with your left hand and pull it towards you as shown above. 


[ 202 ] 








PLATE 155 


Then pull your opponent’s arm towards your left shoulder and twist his wrist so his 
palm turns upward. Reach under with your right hand for his right coat lapel and 
force his left wrist downward against your elbow, twisting his palm upwards, 

[ 203 ] 





PLATE 156 

The above photo shows another method of preventing an attack, as shown in Plate No. 
154. Grasp your opponent’s left wrist with your left hand and pulling it toward you 
quickly and across your chest, reach up with your right arm, place your right elbow 
on his left shoulder and force his chin backward with your wrist. Tighten up on his left 
arm, while raising his chin and you have him in a bad position. 

[ 204 ] 






PLATE 157 

A simple method to overcome an attack is to grab your adversary’s both coat lapels, 
as shown above, and place your left foot against his stomach, throwing yourself back¬ 
wards on the ground and send him flying through the air, still retaining your hold on 

his coat lapels. 

[205 ] 



mEm 



[ 206 ; 


The above photo shows the finish from the preceding position. Your opponent is now down on the floor. Reverse position of 
hands, that is, place the backs of the hands against his throat and pull tightly on the lapels. Care should be taken as it does 

not take much to strangle a man this way. 
















PLATE 159 

Another bone-breaking hold is to grasp opponent’s left hand with your right, placing 
the ends of your fingers inside of his palm, with your thumb on top of his wrist. 



[207 ] 















PLATE 160 

Twist opponent’s left arm outward and upward, at the same time raise your right arm 
and step in under his raised arm, as shown above. 

[208 ] 










PLATE 161 

Turn completely around until you are facing your opponent again, as shown above. 
Then, while retaining grip on his hand, keep twisting opponent’s left arm around as 
in the above photo, until he is willing to give up. You can make this hold more 
severe with additional assistance of other hand, thus doubling your force in twisting 

his arm. 

[209 ] 








sis 











PLATE 162 


To render your adversary helpless in another way, take hold of his left elbow with 
your right hand, reach up with your left for his right coat collar, step in back of him, 
placing your hip against him, and in this way heave him clear off the ground and 

throw him on his back. 


[ 210 ] 


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[ 211 ] 

















PLATE 164 

When an opponent endeavors to strike you with his right hand, reach for his left hand 
and grasp the back of his fingers in your right palm, twist inward toward your left arm, 
and pull his left elbow toward you with your left hand, stepping alongside of him. 







PLATE 165 


As you step close to him, put your right arm in back of his elbow, hold the fingers 
of his left hand firmly with your right, twisting it into the crotch of your elbow. With 
this position obtained, you can easily make him give up, when using much strength. 

[ 213 ] 








PLATE 166 


To obtain a Strangle Hold from the front, reach for each side of your opponent’s 
coat collar with the backs of your hands against his throat, as shown above. Tighten 
up with your grip and force against his windpipe until you have him at your mercy. 

[ 214 ] 






PLATE 167 


Another method of obtaining a Strangle Hold from the front, pull your opponent’s head 
down over your right forearm by placing your left hand on his right shoulder. Reach 
across his throat with your right forearm and grasp your left wrist with your right hand to 
make the hold secure. Tighten your grip on his right shoulder and you have your 

opponent in a dangerous way. 

[ 215 ] 









PLATE 168 


To overpower a man when you are in back of him, take hold of his coat on both 
shoulders and pull him backwards. You can break his resistance by placing your left 

knee into the small of his back. 

[ 216 ] 








PLATE 169 


Then secure a strangle hold from the back with your left forearm coming across 
your adversary’s throat and pull his head backwards. Grasp your left hand with 
your right. Press down with your chin on top of his head and you will have him 

powerless. 

reiT] 







PLATE 170 


Another way of taking the strangle hold from the back when starting it as shown 
in Plate No. 168 is reaching around your opponent’s throat with your left arm, taking 
hold of your right forearm and placing your right hand on top of his head. Force 

his head backwards. 

[ 218 ] 


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[ 219 ] 


When opponent is rushing at you, throw yourself to the ground and place your right heel in back of his left heel as illustrated. 
Then force your left foot against the inside of his left knee. If he resists this trip, his knee joint will snap very easily. 








PLATE 172 


Another simple method of flooring your adversary is to reach for his left hand with 
your right. Step quickly against his left knee with your right foot. Pull sideways 
and at the same time push him with your left hand on the side of his face, thus 
bringing him easily to the ground. 


[220 ] 







PLATE 173 

When attacked from behind and opponent pins both of your arms against your body, 

as shown in above photo; 




















































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